CEU Series: Be Aware of Bees When Applying
Honey bees suffer from many pests and pathogens that can weaken or lead to the collapse of their colonies . American foulbrood (AFB, infectious agent Paenibacillus larvae ) and European foulbrood (EFB, infectious agent Gram-positive bacterium Melissococcus plutonius ) are the main bacterial infections, and they affect honey bee health by impairing their larval development [ 2 , 3 ].
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